It would be nice if the markdown actually created divs using display:table, display:table-cell instead of actual table html code. Not sure if that is something the developers have any control over and there may still be instances where tabular data would be better in a table.
As chidvanid pointed out, there are examples for responsive tables using straight css. There are also open source scripts like tablesaw you can use in the site but usually they require adding classes to your table.
In some instances I have read of people designing the table for mobile and then writing css to make it look right on desktop. Never tried it myself and with a media query and some css you can usually make a table look ok in responsive layouts.
I still prefer using divs when possilbe. You can always create the table and copy the source into a tool like http://divtable.com/converter/ and convert it to dvis. Than create a simple media query to make it responsive.